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jewellery Thrust: Besides diamonds and colored stones, Israel has lately been concentrating on jewellery also. Silver and gold are used, particularly 14 kt. for their largest market, the USA, and 18 kt. for Europe. Most manufacturers produce 9 kt. goods for U.K. Diamonds, colored gemstones, pearls and the Israeli stone Eilat are used for gemset jewellery.

Rather than exporting loose polished gems, Israel has decided to concentrate on gemsstudded jewellery to keep home the added value. The diamonds, colored gemstones and jewellery industries are therefore coming together to join hands for this new initiative, which India has found to be very beneficial earlier.
Jewellery is manufactured at about 400 big and small plants throughout the country. The U.S.A. is the main market but exporters are also developing trade with Japan, Hong Kong, Canada and Australia. Exports account for 90% of all gold and silver jewellery. The United States is the top market for Israeli gems. Hong Kong, Japan, Switzerland, Belgium, Germany, France, Singapore, Italy, Canada and United kingdom are the other markets. Lately Israel has started concentrating on the Far-East.

Bilateral Trade: Israel is a major importer of polished diamonds, buying 50% of its needs for these on world markets, while Russia is a key supplier of rough diamonds. Trade and economic cooperation between the two countries have lately seen rapid development. In 2003, bilateral trade turnover totalled nearly $800 million.

Trade with India: Israel imports certain types of precious goods from India. Israel is also exporting some rough gemstones to India. Some Indian gemsmen have settled in Israel for international trading in which they have been winning name and fame, at the same time being helpful in globalizing the gems and jewellery trade.

Widespread glaciation removed superficial deposits that may have contained gem concentrations. Despite harsh climatic problems, Canada has produced small number of gemstones of almost every species and commercial quantities of some ornamental minerals. A search for diamond is currently underway as a joint venture of B P Canada and Monopros.

Unusual Find: Discovery of new and unusual gem materials such as Ammolite have stimulated more intensive searches for Canadian gemstone localities. As the North becomes easier to reach, and the population increases, it is possible that finds of economic importance may be made. Demand for top quality Ammolite remains strong.
Jewel of Canada: Popular Jewel of Canada is actually Calcenite. It is also known as Calgary. It has an irridescent mixture of rich red, green, yellow and sometimes blue shades. It is found in southern Alberta only. Calcenite, fossilized form of Ammonite, in its original state has a hardness of only 3. Addition of a top layer of quartz and bottom layer of an undisclosed material has imparted to the triplet a hardness of 7. It is now very popular in jewellery for both women and men.

Abundance of Precious Metals:Canada ranks third after South Africa and Russia in producing Platinum. Two third of the supply of this precious white metal originates in South Africa and the rest comes from Russia and Canada.

Canada also produces sizeable quantities of Gold. In gold producing countries (other than Russia) it holds the fifth position. Some Silver is also produced.

Jeweliery Market: Canada has a good jewellery market. Canadian inland je~ellery retail sales have been increasing over the years.
For jewellery promotion, an annual Canadian Jewellery Trade Fair is being organized in Toronto, Ontario.
Canadian jewellery producer are expo~ about 10 per cent of their total production, with the largest share going to the U .S. A

Gemmological Events : The Canadian Institute of Gemmology, in collaboration with the Gem Connoisseur Club are organizers of gemmological events in Vancouver and Toronto. The Vancouver Community College and the Canadian Gemmological Association also organie a Gems Conference.

One significant step has been the drop in jewellery export duties in recent years. With additional cuts each year, the rate came down to 6.5 per cent.

Trade with India: Canada imports gems and jewellery from many countries including India.

Imports from India include diamonds, colored gemstones, gold jewellery and non-gold jewellery.